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["How to estimate carbon emissions for road mobility of O-event participants  "]
["This method will provide a reasonable estimate of carbon emissions (CO2e). More accurate estimates are certainly feasible, albeit with a significant increase in complexity and effort, leading to possible inconsistencies and errors."]
[]
["Step 1 - Count the total number of vehicles in the parking lots"]
[]
["Total number of cars"," (count)",125]
[]
["Step 2 - Define a sample representative of the vehicle set (consider that vehicles may be sorted by type when directed at sections of the parking lot)"]
[]
["Step 3 - Count the number of vehicles falling in each of the following classes and calculate average emissions/km"]
[null,"Description","n","%","kg CO2e/km\n(source: UK DfB-E&IS)"]
["Small car","Petrol up to 1.4 l; Diesel up to 1.7 l; segments A and B",12,{"$f":"C12/C$16*100","v":{"v":20.33898305084746,"d":"20.34"}},0.14549,{"$f":"D12*E12/100","v":{"v":0.029591186440677972,"d":"0.02959"}}]
["Medium car","Petrol 1.4-2.0 l; Diesel 1.7-2.0 l; segment C",27,{"$f":"C13/C$16*100","v":{"v":45.76271186440678,"d":"45.76"}},0.17562,{"$f":"D13*E13/100","v":{"v":0.08036847457627118,"d":"0.08037"}}]
["Large car","Petrol and Diesel over 2.0 l; segments D and above",15,{"$f":"C14/C$16*100","v":{"v":25.423728813559322,"d":"25.42"}},0.22597,{"$f":"D14*E14/100","v":0.05745}]
["Van","Average 9-seats van",5,{"$f":"C15/C$16*100","v":{"v":8.47457627118644,"d":"8.47"}},0.24017,{"$f":"D15*E15/100","v":{"v":0.020353389830508474,"d":"0.02035"}}]
["Totals/averages in the sample",null,{"$f":"SUM(C12:C15)","v":59},{"$f":"SUM(D12:D15)","v":{"v":100,"d":"100.00"}},"Aver. emissions/km",{"$f":"SUM(F12:F15)","v":{"v":0.18776305084745762,"d":"0.18776"}}]
[]
["Step 4 - From the participants list, draw the number of runners/club and calculate the one-way distance of the club seat from the event location (e.g. with Google Maps)"]
[]
["Clubs","Seat","Distance","Runners","Km*Runners"]
["Aaaaaa","Rome",720,12,{"$f":"C21*2*D21","v":17280}]
["Bbbbbb","Milan",356,22,{"$f":"C22*2*D22","v":15664}]
["Cccccc","Turin",458,4,3664]
["Dddddd","Bologna",220,45,19800]
["Eeeeee","Trento",25,125,6250]
["Ffffff","Bozen",85,90,15300]
["Gggggg","Verona",123,12,2952]
["Hhhhhh","Vicenza",156,23,7176]
[{"$nulls":3},{"$f":"SUM(D21:D28)","v":333},{"$f":"SUM(E21:E28)","v":88086}]
[{"$nulls":3},"Total runners","Total km*runners"]
[]
["Step 5 - Calculate the car-sharing rate and the actual car-km"]
[]
["Car sharing rate = Total Runners/Total Cars",null,null,"Sharing rate","Actual car km"]
["Actual car km = Total km*runners/sharing rate",null,null,{"$f":"D29/C6","v":{"v":2.664,"d":"2.66"}},{"$f":"E29/D35","v":{"v":33065.31531531531,"d":"33065"}}]
[]
["Step 6 - Calculate the total emissions and emission/runner"]
[]
["Total emissions (kg CO2e) = actual car km * average car emissions",{"$nulls":3},{"$f":"E35*F16","v":{"v":6208.444480836768,"d":"6208.44"}}]
["Emission per runner (kg CO2e) = total emissions / n. runners",{"$nulls":3},{"$f":"E39/D29","v":{"v":18.643977419930234,"d":"18.64"}}]
[]
["Step 7 - Emission offsetting (optional)"]
[]
["Carbon emission compensation (examples) (*)",null,"Price/ton","Per event","Per runner"]
["EU Emission Trading Scheme (14 May 2021)",null,{"v":56,"d":"56.00 €"},{"$f":"$E$39*C45/1000","v":{"v":347.672890926859,"d":"347.67 €"}},{"$f":"$E$40*C45/1000","v":{"v":1.0440627355160932,"d":"1.04 €"}}]
["Voluntary CDM certified projects (min CER price)",null,{"v":1,"d":"1.00 €"},{"$f":"$E$39*C46/1000","v":{"v":6.208444480836768,"d":"6.21 €"}},{"$f":"$E$40*C46/1000","v":{"v":0.018643977419930235,"d":"0.02 €"}}]
["Voluntary CDM certified projects (max CER price)",null,{"v":50,"d":"50.00 €"},{"v":310.4222240418384,"d":"310.42 €"},{"v":0.9321988709965117,"d":"0.93 €"}]
["Proposed by ENGOs",null,{"v":100,"d":"100.00 €"},{"v":620.8444480836768,"d":"620.84 €"},{"$f":"$E$40*C48/1000","v":{"v":1.8643977419930233,"d":"1.86 €"}}]
[]
["(*) The compensation (offset) of carbon emissions by the purchase of certificates that fund projects contributing to the mitigation of emissions is a controversial issue. The first objective of any organisation should be the avoidance of emissions. However, at least on a temporary basis, unavoidable emissions can be offset by buying CERs (Certified Emission Reductions) available through the UN Carbon Offset Platform. A range of prices per ton CO2e is reported to calculate the theorical cost of offsetting carbon emissions per event or per runner. "]